CVE-2025-32433: Erlang Erlang/OTP SSH Server Missing Authentication for Critical Function Vulnerability

CISA Known Exploited Vulnerabilities

Name

Erlang Erlang/OTP SSH Server Missing Authentication for Critical Function Vulnerability

Vendor

Erlang

Product

Erlang/OTP

Added to the catalog

2025-06-09

Due date for US federal agencies

2025-06-30

Weaknesses

CWE-306

Catalog version

2026.10.30

Erlang Erlang/OTP SSH server contains a missing authentication for critical function vulnerability. This could allow an attacker to execute arbitrary commands without valid credentials, potentially leading to unauthenticated remote code execution (RCE). By exploiting a flaw in how SSH protocol messages are handled, a malicious actor could gain unauthorized access to affected systems. This vulnerability could affect various products that implement Erlang/OTP SSH server, including—but not limited to—Cisco, NetApp, and SUSE.

Required action (CISA)

Apply mitigations per vendor instructions, follow applicable BOD 22-01 guidance for cloud services, or discontinue use of the product if mitigations are unavailable.

Ransomware use: CISA does not mark known use of this vulnerability in ransomware campaigns.

Links in CISA's notes

• https://github.com/erlang/otp/security/advisories/GHSA-37cp-fgq5-7wc2
• https://sec.cloudapps.cisco.com/security/center/content/CiscoSecurityAdvisory/cisco-sa-erlang-otp-ssh-xyZZy
• https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2025-32433

Read on 2026-11-02T23:39:54.475Z under licence cisa-kev-cc0@b0067899 from https://www.cisa.gov/sites/default/files/feeds/known_exploited_vulnerabilities.json

NVD analysis

Status

Analyzed

Published

2025-04-16T22:15:14.373

Last modified

2026-06-17T09:11:59.137

Weaknesses

CWE-306

Erlang/OTP is a set of libraries for the Erlang programming language. Prior to versions OTP-27.3.3, OTP-26.2.5.11, and OTP-25.3.2.20, a SSH server may allow an attacker to perform unauthenticated remote code execution (RCE). By exploiting a flaw in SSH protocol message handling, a malicious actor could gain unauthorized access to affected systems and execute arbitrary commands without valid credentials. This issue is patched in versions OTP-27.3.3, OTP-26.2.5.11, and OTP-25.3.2.20. A temporary workaround involves disabling the SSH server or to prevent access via firewall rules.

References

• https://github.com/erlang/otp/commit/0fcd9c56524b28615e8ece65fc0c3f66ef6e4c12 (Patch)
• https://github.com/erlang/otp/commit/6eef04130afc8b0ccb63c9a0d8650209cf54892f (Patch)
• https://github.com/erlang/otp/commit/b1924d37fd83c070055beb115d5d6a6a9490b891 (Patch)
• https://github.com/erlang/otp/security/advisories/GHSA-37cp-fgq5-7wc2 (Vendor Advisory)
• http://www.openwall.com/lists/oss-security/2025/04/16/2 (Mailing List)
• http://www.openwall.com/lists/oss-security/2025/04/18/1 (Mailing List)
• http://www.openwall.com/lists/oss-security/2025/04/18/2 (Mailing List)
• http://www.openwall.com/lists/oss-security/2025/04/18/6 (Mailing List)
• http://www.openwall.com/lists/oss-security/2025/04/19/1 (Mailing List)
• https://lists.debian.org/debian-lts-announce/2025/04/msg00028.html (Third Party Advisory)
• https://security.netapp.com/advisory/ntap-20250425-0001/ (Third Party Advisory)
• https://github.com/ProDefense/CVE-2025-32433/blob/main/CVE-2025-32433.py (Exploit)
• https://sec.cloudapps.cisco.com/security/center/content/CiscoSecurityAdvisory/cisco-sa-erlang-otp-ssh-xyZZy (Third Party Advisory)
• https://www.cisa.gov/known-exploited-vulnerabilities-catalog?field_cve=CVE-2025-32433 (US Government Resource)

This product uses the NVD API but is not endorsed or certified by the NVD.

Read on 2026-11-02T23:42:22.836Z under licence nvd-api-terms-of-use@ff2a5288 from https://services.nvd.nist.gov/rest/json/cves/2.0?cveId=CVE-2025-32433

CVE record

Title (CNA)

Erlang/OTP SSH Vulnerable to Pre-Authentication RCE

Assigner

GitHub_M

State

PUBLISHED

Published

2025-04-16T21:34:37.457Z

Updated

2026-02-26T18:28:12.084Z

Problem types

CWE-306: Missing Authentication for Critical Function

Erlang/OTP is a set of libraries for the Erlang programming language. Prior to versions OTP-27.3.3, OTP-26.2.5.11, and OTP-25.3.2.20, a SSH server may allow an attacker to perform unauthenticated remote code execution (RCE). By exploiting a flaw in SSH protocol message handling, a malicious actor could gain unauthorized access to affected systems and execute arbitrary commands without valid credentials. This issue is patched in versions OTP-27.3.3, OTP-26.2.5.11, and OTP-25.3.2.20. A temporary workaround involves disabling the SSH server or to prevent access via firewall rules.

References

• https://github.com/erlang/otp/security/advisories/GHSA-37cp-fgq5-7wc2
• https://github.com/erlang/otp/commit/0fcd9c56524b28615e8ece65fc0c3f66ef6e4c12
• https://github.com/erlang/otp/commit/6eef04130afc8b0ccb63c9a0d8650209cf54892f
• https://github.com/erlang/otp/commit/b1924d37fd83c070055beb115d5d6a6a9490b891

Read on 2026-11-03T02:16:06.178Z under licence cve-terms-of-use@81bfa2f3 from https://raw.githubusercontent.com/CVEProject/cvelistV5/main/cves/2025/32xxx/CVE-2025-32433.json

Defensive techniques (MITRE D3FEND)

D3FEND maps these defensive techniques to the weakness (CWE) that NVD lists for this CVE, through the digital artifacts the weakness affects. D3FEND does not say they stop this vulnerability.

MITRE D3FEND™ knowledge graph. © 2025 The MITRE Corporation.
"The MITRE Corporation (MITRE) hereby grants you a non-exclusive, royalty-free license to use D3FEND for research, development, and commercial purposes. Any copy you make for such purposes is authorized provided that you reproduce MITRE's copyright designation and this license in any such copy." Terms: https://d3fend.mitre.org/tou/